Measuring phoneme boundaries four ways

Detection of Phoneme Boundaries Using Spiking Neurons

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is an area where the task is to assign the correct phoneme or word sequence to an utterance. The idea behind the ASR segment-based approach is to treat one phoneme as a whole unit in every respect, in contrast with the framebased approach where it is divided into equal-sized, smaller chunks. Doing this has many advantages, but also gives rise to some new probl...

Prelexically-driven perceptual retuning of phoneme boundaries

Listeners heard an ambiguous /f-s/ in nonword contexts where only one of /f/ or /s/ was legal (e.g., frul/*srul or *fnud/snud). In later categorisation of a phonetic continuum from /f/ to /s/, their category boundaries had shifted; hearing -rul led to expanded /f/ categories, -nud expanded /s/. Thus phonotactic sequence information alone induces perceptual retuning of phoneme category boundarie...

Eph Receptors: Two Ways to Sharpen Boundaries

Eph receptors and ephrins can sharpen domains within developing tissues by mediating repulsion at interfaces. An Eph receptor has now been shown also to regulate cell adhesion within tissue subdivisions.

Measuring legislative boundaries

We introduce the first family of district compactness measures that can incorporate a wide range of internal geographic features. The measures in this family are the probability that a district contains an admissible path between a randomly selected pair of people. The measure can account for roads, travel time, political boundaries, and prior districts. This family of measures includes the pat...

Four Ways to Measure Culture